Salesforce E2E Testing

Comprehensive testing patterns for Salesforce applications including Apex integration tests, LWC component tests, and deployment verification.

Reference: @../_reference/TESTING_STANDARDS.md

When to Use

• When writing integration tests that exercise complete business workflows end-to-end
• When verifying full automation chains including triggers, flows, and queueable jobs
• When setting up pre-deployment verification test suites for a sandbox or production org
• When testing bulk scenarios with 200+ records across the full trigger and automation stack
• When building LWC integration tests with Jest that mock Apex wire adapters and calls

Apex Integration Tests

@IsTest
private class OpportunityWorkflowTest {

    @TestSetup
    static void setup() {
        Account acc = new Account(Name = 'E2E Test Account');
        insert acc;

        Opportunity opp = new Opportunity(
            AccountId = acc.Id,
            Name = 'E2E Test Opp',
            StageName = 'Prospecting',
            CloseDate = Date.today().addDays(30),
            Amount = 50000
        );
        insert opp;
    }

    @IsTest
    static void shouldProgressThroughFullSalesCycle() {
        Opportunity opp = [SELECT Id, StageName FROM Opportunity LIMIT 1];

        Test.startTest();

        opp.StageName = 'Qualification';
        update opp;

        opp.StageName = 'Proposal/Price Quote';
        update opp;

        opp.StageName = 'Closed Won';
        update opp;

        Test.stopTest();

        Opportunity result = [SELECT StageName, IsClosed, IsWon FROM Opportunity WHERE Id = :opp.Id];
        Assert.areEqual('Closed Won', result.StageName);
        Assert.isTrue(result.IsClosed, 'Should be closed');
        Assert.isTrue(result.IsWon, 'Should be won');

        // Verify downstream automation fired
        List<Task> followUpTasks = [SELECT Id FROM Task WHERE WhatId = :opp.Id];
        Assert.isTrue(!followUpTasks.isEmpty(), 'Should have created follow-up tasks');
    }

    @IsTest
    static void shouldHandleBulkStageChanges() {
        List<Opportunity> opps = new List<Opportunity>();
        Account acc = [SELECT Id FROM Account LIMIT 1];
        for (Integer i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
            opps.add(new Opportunity(
                AccountId = acc.Id,
                Name = 'Bulk Opp ' + i,
                StageName = 'Prospecting',
                CloseDate = Date.today().addDays(30)
            ));
        }
        insert opps;

        Test.startTest();
        for (Opportunity opp : opps) {
            opp.StageName = 'Closed Won';
        }
        update opps;
        Test.stopTest();

        Integer closedCount = [SELECT COUNT() FROM Opportunity WHERE StageName = 'Closed Won'];
        Assert.isTrue(closedCount >= 200, 'All opportunities should be closed');
    }
}

LWC Integration Tests

import { createElement } from 'lwc';
import OpportunityPipeline from 'c/opportunityPipeline';
import getOpportunities from '@salesforce/apex/OpportunityController.getOpportunities';

jest.mock('@salesforce/apex/OpportunityController.getOpportunities', () => ({
    default: jest.fn()
}), { virtual: true });

const MOCK_OPPS = [
    { Id: '006xx0001', Name: 'Opp 1', StageName: 'Prospecting', Amount: 10000 },
    { Id: '006xx0002', Name: 'Opp 2', StageName: 'Closed Won', Amount: 50000 },
];

describe('c-opportunity-pipeline (integration)', () => {
    afterEach(() => { while (document.body.firstChild) document.body.removeChild(document.body.firstChild); });

    it('renders pipeline with correct stage grouping', async () => {
        getOpportunities.mockResolvedValue(MOCK_OPPS);
        const element = createElement('c-opportunity-pipeline', { is: OpportunityPipeline });
        document.body.appendChild(element);

        await Promise.resolve();
        await Promise.resolve();

        const stages = element.shadowRoot.querySelectorAll('.stage-column');
        expect(stages.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
    });
});

Deployment Verification

# Full E2E deployment verification
sf project deploy validate --test-level RunLocalTests --target-org staging
sf project deploy start --test-level RunLocalTests --target-org staging
sf apex run test --test-level RunLocalTests --result-format human --target-org staging

Flow Integration Testing

@IsTest
private class CaseEscalationFlowTest {

    @IsTest
    static void shouldEscalateHighPriorityCases() {
        Account acc = new Account(Name = 'Flow E2E Account');
        insert acc;

        Case c = new Case(
            AccountId = acc.Id,
            Subject = 'Urgent Issue',
            Priority = 'High',
            Status = 'New'
        );
        insert c;

        Test.startTest();
        c.Status = 'Escalated';
        update c;
        Test.stopTest();

        List<Task> tasks = [SELECT Subject, Priority FROM Task WHERE WhatId = :c.Id AND Subject LIKE '%Escalation%'];
        Assert.isTrue(!tasks.isEmpty(), 'Flow should have created escalation task');
        Assert.areEqual('High', tasks[0].Priority, 'Task priority should match case priority');
    }
}

Platform Event Testing

@IsTest
private class OrderEventTest {

    @IsTest
    static void shouldPublishEventOnOrderCompletion() {
        Order_Complete__e event = new Order_Complete__e(
            Order_Id__c = 'ORD-001',
            Total_Amount__c = 5000.00
        );

        Test.startTest();
        Database.SaveResult sr = EventBus.publish(event);
        Test.stopTest();

        Assert.isTrue(sr.isSuccess(), 'Event should publish successfully');
    }

    @IsTest
    static void shouldProcessEventInSubscriber() {
        Order_Complete__e event = new Order_Complete__e(
            Order_Id__c = 'ORD-002',
            Total_Amount__c = 10000.00
        );

        Test.startTest();
        EventBus.publish(event);
        Test.getEventBus().deliver(); // Force trigger subscriber to execute
        Test.stopTest();

        List<Fulfillment__c> fulfillments = [
            SELECT Order_Id__c FROM Fulfillment__c WHERE Order_Id__c = 'ORD-002'
        ];
        Assert.areEqual(1, fulfillments.size(), 'Subscriber should have created fulfillment');
    }
}

Async Job Verification

@IsTest
private class AsyncWorkflowTest {

    @IsTest
    static void shouldProcessQueueableChain() {
        Account acc = new Account(Name = 'Async E2E');
        insert acc;

        Test.startTest();
        System.enqueueJob(new AccountEnrichmentJob(acc.Id));
        Test.stopTest();

        Account result = [SELECT Description, Industry FROM Account WHERE Id = :acc.Id];
        Assert.isNotNull(result.Description, 'Enrichment job should populate description');
    }
}

Multi-User Testing

@IsTest
private class PermissionE2ETest {

    @IsTest
    static void shouldRestrictAccessForStandardUser() {
        // Note: Profile names are locale-dependent. For non-English orgs,
        // query by Profile.UserType or use a custom permission set.
        Profile stdProfile = [SELECT Id FROM Profile WHERE Name = 'Standard User'];
        User testUser = new User(
            Alias = 'stdu', Email = '[email protected]',
            EmailEncodingKey = 'UTF-8', LastName = 'StdUser',
            LanguageLocaleKey = 'en_US', LocaleSidKey = 'en_US',
            ProfileId = stdProfile.Id, TimeZoneSidKey = 'America/Los_Angeles',
            UserName = 'stduser' + DateTime.now().getTime() + '@test.com'
        );
        insert testUser;

        System.runAs(testUser) {
            Test.startTest();
            try {
                ConfidentialRecord__c rec = new ConfidentialRecord__c(Name = 'Secret');
                insert rec;
                Assert.fail('Should have thrown insufficient access exception');
            } catch (DmlException e) {
                Assert.isTrue(e.getMessage().contains('INSUFFICIENT_ACCESS') ||
                             e.getMessage().contains('access'),
                             'Should get access denied: ' + e.getMessage());
            }
            Test.stopTest();
        }
    }
}

Performance Assertions

@IsTest
private class PerformanceE2ETest {

    @IsTest
    static void shouldStayWithinGovernorLimits() {
        List<Account> accounts = new List<Account>();
        for (Integer i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
            accounts.add(new Account(Name = 'Perf Test ' + i));
        }
        insert accounts;

        Test.startTest();
        Integer queriesBefore = Limits.getQueries();

        AccountService.processAccounts(new Map<Id, Account>(accounts).keySet());

        Integer queriesUsed = Limits.getQueries() - queriesBefore;
        Test.stopTest();

        Assert.isTrue(queriesUsed <= 5,
            'Should use <= 5 SOQL queries for 200 records, used: ' + queriesUsed);
    }
}

Anti-Patterns

Anti-Pattern	Problem	Fix
Testing with 1 record only	Misses bulkification bugs	Test with 200+ records
No Test.startTest/stopTest	Governor limits from setup count against test	Wrap test logic in startTest/stopTest
Using SeeAllData=true	Tests depend on org data, fail unpredictably	Use @TestSetup with test-specific data
Hardcoded IDs	Break across orgs and sandboxes	Query for IDs or use TestDataFactory
No downstream verification	Trigger fires but automation not verified	Assert on records created by automation
Ignoring async results	Queueable/Batch results not checked	Test.stopTest forces execution, then assert

Best Practices

• Use @TestSetup for shared test data across methods
• Test complete workflows, not just individual methods
• Include bulk tests (200+ records) for all trigger-based automation
• Test both happy path and error scenarios
• Verify downstream automation by checking created records
• Use Test.startTest()/Test.stopTest() to isolate governor limit counting
• Use Test.getEventBus().deliver() to force Platform Event subscriber execution
• Use System.runAs() to test permission and sharing model enforcement
• Assert governor limit consumption for performance-sensitive code
• For HTTP callout tests, use Test.setMock(HttpCalloutMock.class, mock) -- see the sf-integration skill for mock patterns

Related

• Constraints: sf-testing-constraints -- test isolation rules, assertion requirements, coverage gates